E-1 & E-2 Visa Attorneys
Treaty Trader & Investor Visa Solutions for Entrepreneurs
Build your American dream through treaty trade or investment. Our bilingual immigration attorneys with 30+ years experience guide international entrepreneurs through the E visa process. Offices in Charlotte, Raleigh, Smithfield & Orlando.
E Visa Categories
E-1 Treaty Trader
For nationals of treaty countries who carry on substantial trade between the US and their home country.
- Import/export businesses
- International services
- Technology transfer
- Banking & insurance
E-2 Treaty Investor
For nationals of treaty countries who have invested or are investing substantial capital in a US business.
- Business startups
- Franchise purchases
- Existing business acquisition
- Branch office expansion
E Visa Treaty Countries
Citizens of the following countries may be eligible for E visas:
Argentina
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Japan
South Korea
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Pakistan
Philippines
Poland
Romania
Singapore
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Taiwan
Turkey
United Kingdom
* This is a partial list. Treaty eligibility and visa type availability varies by country.
E-2 Investment Requirements
Substantial Investment
Investment must be substantial relative to the total cost of the business. No minimum amount, but typically $100,000+ for most businesses.
At-Risk Capital
Funds must be irrevocably committed and at risk. Cannot be secured loans against US business assets.
Operating Business
Must be an active, for-profit enterprise. Passive investments like real estate or stocks do not qualify.
Marginality Test
Business must generate more than enough income to provide minimal living for you and family, or have significant economic impact.
Control & Ownership
You must own at least 50% of the business or have operational control through a managerial position.
E Visa Application Process
Initial Consultation
Assess treaty country eligibility, business plan viability, and investment sufficiency.
Business Setup
Establish or acquire US business, open bank accounts, lease premises, and hire employees.
Document Preparation
Compile comprehensive business plan, financial documents, trade records, and investment evidence.
Application Filing
Submit DS-160 and supporting documents to US consulate in your home country.
Consular Interview
Attend visa interview with consular officer to discuss business and qualifications.
Visa Issuance
Upon approval, receive E visa valid for multiple entries over 2-5 years.
Our E Visa Services
Business Planning
- Business plan development
- Financial projections
- Investment structuring
- Entity formation
Visa Processing
- Application preparation
- Document compilation
- Consular filing
- Interview preparation
Ongoing Support
- Visa renewals
- Status extensions
- Family petitions
- Green card options
E Visa Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between E-1 and E-2 visas?
E-1 Treaty Trader visa is for individuals conducting substantial trade between the US and their treaty country. E-2 Treaty Investor visa is for individuals who have invested or are investing a substantial amount in a US business. Both require citizenship from a treaty country.
How much investment is required for an E-2 visa?
There is no minimum investment amount set by law. The investment must be "substantial" relative to the total cost of the business. Generally, investments of $100,000 or more are considered, but smaller amounts may qualify for less expensive businesses. The investment must be at risk and committed to the business.
Can I get a green card through an E visa?
E visas are non-immigrant visas and do not directly lead to a green card. However, E visa holders can apply for permanent residence through other pathways such as family sponsorship, employment-based petitions (EB-5, EB-1C), or other qualifying categories while maintaining E status.
How long can I stay in the US with an E visa?
E visas are typically issued for 2-5 years depending on reciprocity agreements with your country. Upon entry, you are usually admitted for 2 years. E visas can be renewed indefinitely as long as you maintain eligibility and intend to depart when your status ends.
Can my family work with E visa dependent status?
Yes, spouses of E-1 and E-2 visa holders are eligible for work authorization. They can apply for an Employment Authorization Document (EAD) after arrival in the US. Children under 21 can attend school but cannot work.
Popular E-2 Business Types
Restaurants & Food Service
Franchises (various industries)
Manufacturing & Distribution
Professional Services
Technology & Software
Healthcare Services
Real Estate Development
Import/Export Operations
Consulting Firms
Retail Businesses
Construction Companies
Educational Services
Why Choose Vasquez Law Firm for Your E Visa
The E-1 and E-2 visa categories occupy a unique and often misunderstood corner of U.S. immigration law. Unlike H-1B or L-1 visas, which are tied to a specific employer sponsor, E visas are tied to the treaty country nationality of the applicant and to the ongoing operation of an active business enterprise. This creates both opportunity and complexity. There is no annual cap or lottery system, but eligibility requires close analysis of business structure, investment amounts, trade volumes, and the applicant's role within the enterprise.
Our immigration attorneys have guided entrepreneurs, investors, traders, and business owners through the E visa process for more than thirty years. We have helped clients from Mexico, Colombia, Spain, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Israel, the United Kingdom, and dozens of other treaty countries establish and grow businesses in North Carolina and Florida. We understand what consular officers look for, how to structure a business plan that satisfies USCIS and DOS requirements, and how to present the investment evidence in the most compelling way possible.
For E-2 applicants in particular, the lack of a statutory minimum investment amount creates significant ambiguity. The "substantiality" of an investment is measured proportionally. For a business costing $200,000 to establish, an investment of $120,000 or $150,000 would typically be considered substantial, while a $20,000 investment in the same business would not. The investment must also be "at risk," meaning it must be irrevocably committed to the business and not secured against U.S. business assets. Our attorneys carefully analyze each client's investment structure before filing to identify and address any potential weaknesses.
We also advise clients on the "marginality" test, which requires that the business generate more than just enough income to support the investor and their family. USCIS and consular officers want to see that the enterprise has a present or future capacity to make a significant economic contribution, whether through job creation, economic impact, or demonstrated growth potential. A well-crafted business plan with realistic financial projections is essential to satisfying this requirement.
Our offices in Charlotte, Raleigh, Smithfield, and Orlando allow us to serve E visa clients throughout North Carolina and Florida. Both states consistently rank among the most business-friendly in the country and attract significant foreign investment in manufacturing, hospitality, technology, and professional services.
Start Your E Visa Journey Today
Whether you're a trader or investor, our experienced immigration attorneys will guide you through every step of the E visa process. From business planning to visa approval.
Schedule E Visa ConsultationUnderstanding E Visas for Treaty Traders and Investors
E-1 and E-2 Visa Overview
The E visa category under the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) Section 101(a)(15)(E) allows nationals of treaty countries to enter the United States for trade or investment purposes. The E-1 Treaty Trader visa requires that the applicant's trade between the U.S. and treaty country constitutes a substantial portion of total international trade. The E-2 Treaty Investor visa requires a substantial investment in a bona fide enterprise. Unlike many other work visa categories, E visas do not have annual numerical caps, making them an attractive option for qualified business professionals.
E-2 Investment and Marginality Standards
The E-2 investor visa is particularly popular among entrepreneurs looking to establish or purchase businesses in the United States. There is no fixed minimum investment amount. USCIS and consular officers evaluate whether the investment is substantial relative to the total cost of the enterprise, whether the funds are irrevocably committed, and whether the business is more than marginal. In other words, the business must have the capacity to generate significant income beyond providing a minimal living for the investor. Common qualifying investments include restaurants, franchises, retail establishments, professional services firms, and technology companies. E visa holders can include essential employees of the same nationality who fill executive, supervisory, or specialized knowledge positions.
How Vasquez Law Firm Can Help
Vasquez Law Firm assists entrepreneurs and business professionals with E visa applications, including business plan preparation, investment documentation, and consular interview preparation. Contact our immigration team at 1-844-967-3536 to discuss your E visa eligibility.